Computer Networking
Computer networking is a linking of the network devices and
computers with each other to provide the data communications
and sharing the network resources such as printer, scanner,
modem, CD/DVD and internet access. A computer network
can be interconnected with the UTP/STP cables, coaxial cables,
fiber optics and wirelessly through the radio waves.
Today, no business can work effectively without the data communications
within the organization. A network can be designed by different
layouts known as topologies.
The common topologies include star, hub, mesh, hybrid and
ring. Star topology is the most common topology in Ethernet
based local area network. There are specialized rules and
standards and based on these standards, the devices communicate
with each other.
One of these specialized standards and agree up ways is known
as protocols. TCP/IP is the protocol suite that contains
the multiple communication protocols such as TCP, IP, SMTP,
FTP, DHCP, LDAP, PPP, Telnet and many others. TCP/IP works
together and it is the most common communication protocol
for the LAN, WAN and internet. The communications on
the internet is based on the IP addresses, which is a part
of the TCP/IP stack. No computer on the internet or
in the LAN/MAN/WAN can communicate without a unique IP address.
Networking and data communications provides the flexibility,
easy of work and communications with each other and today
every kind of business in the world, which involves more than
one computer, require a computer network. A network can be
setup by using the following things.
- Computer with Windows/Linux operating system installed.
- Every computer requires a unique LAN card, which should
be properly installed and configured.
- Ethernet cable with the RJ-45 connectors at both ends.
- A Router/Switch or hub.
The other devices are bridges, transceivers, terminal servers
and gateways and they can be setup according to your requirements.
There are three main types of the computer network i.e. LAN,
MAN, WAN, CAN, GAN and PAN and each network either be a peer
to peer or client server network. In a client/server
network model, a centralized domain controller is used to
control all the computer network. It provides the services
to the clients like logon authentication, printer access,
scanner access, centralized data storage, user management,
resources management, DHCP, DNS, FTP and internet access.
To communicate with the other computer, each computer should
support the same protocol and the TCP/IP is the most commonly
used protocol in a computer network. Internetwork is
a type of computer network that connects the two or more different
networks. There are three main types of the internetwork i.e.
intranet, extranet and internet.
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